The two significant public health problems of the contemporary world are regarded as obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) sometimes called twin epidemics. According to the reports provided by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2024), nowadays, there are more than 1 billion obese individuals in the world, and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF, 2023) states that the number of adults with diabetes worldwide is 537 million with almost 90% of the cases being T2D. The association of the two conditions significantly increases risks to serious complications, such as heart diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Image credit: CDC
Intertwined Tracks: Obesity, Diabetes, and Organ Damage.
High levels of body fat cause a cascade of metabolic alterations; insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and high cholesterol all affect the functioning of the organs adversely. These mechanisms are interconnected and lead to a state referred to as cardio-renal-metabolic syndrom.The progression of one disease causes a cascading effect in the other, causing the diseases to develop faster.
The impact of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes on the Heart.
Numerous studies have indicated that overweight and diabetics patients are at least tripled to develop heart-related diseases (CVD) as compared to the normal population who are without any of the said disorders.
Key Insights
Chronic Inflammation: Fat tissue releases inflammatory cytokines including TNF-a and IL-6, which weaken blood vessels and facilitate the formation of plaque.
Insulin Resistance: High levels of glucose and insulin can be used to cause endothelial dysfunction- an early process in the development of atherosclerosis.
High Blood Pressure & Dyslipidemia: These conditions are prevalent during obesity and T2D and put additional pressure on the heart and the arteries.
Heart Failure: A 2024 study discovered that 5.1% of diabetic patients contracted heart failure and in fact most of the patients were also obese. (ScienceDirect, 2024)
Research findings
There is an observation that 32% of all deaths caused by diabetes were caused by cardiovascular problems (The Global Burden of Disease Study, 2023).
Individuals with obesity and T2D have a 40-50% increased risk of heart failure and left ventricular hypertrophy over others. (Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2023)
The effect of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes on the kidney.
Kidneys are very important organs that help in the filtering of wastes and the regulation of electrolytes, but the situation of chronic hyperglycemia and high blood pressure severely affects the two functions in diabetes patients. Over time, these disorders lead to the deterioration of the filtration capacity and demise of the kidney tissues.
Evidence-Based Findings
Prevalence: A 2023 study in Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome has estimated that 27% of patients with T2D in all parts of the world develop CKD. (DMS Journal, 2023)
BMI and Risk: The higher the BMI, the more it is separately correlated with an increased risk of CKD progression 4-5 times. (Indian Journal of Nephrology, 2023)
Fat Deposition: Visceral fat is one of the factors that leads to glomerular hyperfiltration and tissue injury in the kidneys. (Nature Scientific Reports, 2024)
Albuminuria: At the early stages of kidney damage in diabetics, urinary protein (albumin) is increased and it is much higher in those that are overweight.
The Heart–Kidney Connection
Heart and kidney diseases are interreligious and have much in common in terms of risk factors that include high blood pressure, resistance to insulin and inflammation all over the body. Damage of one organ worsens the functioning of the other, and this runs into a vicious circle, referred to as cardio-renal syndrome.
Bidirectional Risk: CKD leads to the high risk of death due to heart-related causes, whereas heart condition accelerates the deterioration of kidney functions.
⦁ Inflammatory Pathways: Both medical conditions emit oxidative stress and destroy the endothelium too.
⦁ Cycle of Decline: Poor renal functioning increases blood pressure and heart work and worsening overall outcomes. (American Diabetes Association, 2024)
The Current Study on Prevention and Management.
The recent research is illuminating the early involvement, holistic interventions, and use of drugs that work on the heart and the kidney as the main approaches to undertaking either prevention of a condition or its management.
The significant Recommendations are as follows.
Weight Management: Even a simple reduction of body weight by 5-10% would help to reduce the threat of diabetes and positively affect the heart and kidneys. (The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2023)
Modern Pharmacology: SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists not only regulate the level of glucose in the body but also maintain the actual work of the heart and kidneys. (Cell Metabolism, 2023)
Nutritious Food and Physical Activity: A healthy balanced diet with abundant fiber and plant-based nutrients, and at least 150 minutes of physical exercise per week, enhances the overall metabolic wellbeing.
Prevention: Annually, calculation of eGFR, blood pressure, and urinary albumin should be performed to help detect the development of kidney damage even before symptoms appear.
Practical Takeaways
Keep your body mass index healthy (under 25) and control the size of your waist.
Check blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure regularly.
Reduce refined sugars, processed foods, and saturated fats.
Include antioxidants in the form of berries, dark green vegetables, and omega-3 foods in your diet.
Quit smoking and drinking alcohol moderately to reduce the chances of heart and kidney diseases.
Consult physicians on custom-made treatments and regular examinations.
Role of Zeon Lifesciences in Health Innovation Support
Combating obesity and Type 2 diabetes is not merely a medical issue, and it is not only a call to innovate but also to work together in the healthcare sector and nutraceutical sectors. The most trustworthy contract manufacturer of the nutraceutical and wellness industry is Zeon Lifesciences Ltd., which is the important player in the development of better solutions which are not only grounded on science but also enhances the health of the metabolic, heart, and kidney systems.
Zeon Lifesciences Core Services:
Formulation Development: For supplements providing support for metabolic balance, cardiovascular and renal wellness.
cGMP-certified Manufacturing Facilities: Compliance with global safety and quality standards.
R&D and Analytical Expertise: Support from advanced scientific validation and innovation.
Regulatory & Packaging Support: Aiding partners in the worldwide launch of effective and compliant nutraceutical products.
Zeon Lifesciences has been able to unite modern research with the advancement of nutraceuticals and thus has been provided the healthcare brands and professionals to be active in the battle against obesity, diabetes, and related complications — thereby, protecting heart and kidney health for a future that is healthier.
References
1.American Heart Association. (2023). Cardiovascular risks associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Circulation Research. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.316101
2. Bailey, R. A., et al. (2023). Cardiovascular and kidney risks in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 47(4), 531–542. https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/47/4/531
3. Hussain, S., et al. (2023). Global prevalence of chronic kidney disease among patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 15, Article 12. https://dmsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13098-023-01202-x
4. Sheng, X., et al. (2024). Associations of obesity and adiposity indexes with urinary albumin excretion in type 2 diabetes. Scientific Reports, 14, Article 73106. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-73106-3
5.Chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and heart disease. (2024, May 15). Chronic Kidney Disease. https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-disease/risk-factors/link-between-diabetes-and-heart-disease.html
“Good Health for All”
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